Lean systems

Many business processes and especially manufacturing are based on serial processes, where things are passed down a chain of processes, with value being added at each point. Within this system there is massive opportunity for inefficiency and waste, such as buffer stores, things getting lost, breakdowns, etc.

A lean system has none of this fat. Going lean means removing all waste from the system. This has many implications, such as:

Gaining a true understanding how things work so you can constantly improve, reduce waste and increase efficiency.
Reducing buffer storage to the absolute minimum, which makes everything connected: if one point in the system breaks down, everyone is very rapidly also affected.
Attention to bottlenecks, including when up-stream to suppliers and downstream to customers.
Being able to rapidly change the system to work on different products.
Having flexible, multi-skilled people who can perform such changes.
Having systems and management that engenders such a capable and motivated workforce.

Thus parts and material should arrive at any point just as they are needed, and not before. This is known as Just In Time (JIT) and is the perfection that is sought, and can be far more closely attained than old systems which use large buffer stores to cover up inefficiencies in the system. JIT principles have been adopted in many other areas further afield from the original factory floor. For example Just In Time software compilers compile code just before it is needed.

Toyota is consistently recognized as a leader and originator in this methodology (which helps to explain why many of the terms associated with it are Japanese).

Lean systems

See also: